Notes - Uses of Computer Networks

The following are notes from Computer Networks written by Tanenbaum 5th edition.

Business Applications

• Computers in business require resource sharing
• make programs equipment and data available to everyone in network
• i.e. group printer
• Share information
• i.e. customer records, product information, inventories
• between multiple geographic locations
• VPNs
• join individual networks at different sites
• Client-Server Model
• Servers
• i.e. Centrally located, powerful computers
• Web applications, server maintains web pages
• process request, sends reply to clients
• Clients
• i.e. employees of a company
• remote access to servers
• requests access to server
• Communication Medium
• employees in a company require daily communication
• e-mail
• telephone calls
• if this is handled over the computer network
• VoIP(Voice over IP)
• IP Telephony
• saves on telephone bills
• Desktop Sharing
• when one worker changes an online document, the other can see instantly
• "shared blackboard"
• E-commerce
• shopping and services from home

Home Applications

• Initial use for word processing and games
• Now internet access
• connectivity to remote computers
• Bob Metcalfe - Inventor of Ethernet
• the value of a network is proportional to the square of the number of users because this is roughly the number of different connections that may be made
• Peer to Peer Communication
• Individual communicate in loose group, no fixed division into server client
• BitTorrent file sharing
• Share music and videos
• Napster
• Instant Messaging
• derived from UNIX talk program 1970
• Twitter
• tweets to circle of friends
• Youtube
• Social Network Applications
• Facebook
• Group Content
• Wikipedia
• B2C - Business to Consumer
• B2B - Business to Business
• G2C - Government to Consumer
• C2C - Consumer to Consumer
• P2P - Peer to Peer
• IPTV (IP TeleVision)
• Ubiquitous Computing
• Sensors, smart home meters
• power-line networks
• RFID (Radio Frequency Identification)
• passive tags to locate items

Mobile Users

• Connectivity non wired connection
• Wireless hotspots
• Text messaging
• Short Message Service
• Smart Phones
• GPS(Global Positioning System)
• M-Commerce
• text messages to authorize payments
• NFC (Near Field Communication)
• Sensor Networks
• nodes that relay information about the state of the world
• Wearable computers
• hackable

Social Issues

• Sharing of views
• sensitive topics
• politics
• religion
• sex
• Network Neutrality
• communications not differentiated by network or source
• DMCA(Digital Millenium Copyright Act)
• Employee rights vs Employer rights
• private e-mails
• Profiling users
• Cookies
• track activity
• store personal information
• Google Ads
• Anonymous messages
• Misleading information
• improper sites
• Botnet
• pool of compromised machines
• Phishing
• messages that are supposed to be trustworthy but there to just gain information
• usually malacious
• CAPTCHAs
• Solve short recognition test
• used to prevent brute force methods
• Interact with old laws
• gambling

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Trivia - A Google a Day XLVI

While it sounds like a service to assist in finding a compatible mate, what process is actually a method by which scientists measure levels of carbon-14 in order to determine the age of an organism?
Radiocarbon Dating

What is the accepted, orderly technique of investigation of scientific progress called?
Scientific Method

Because he didn't want to become a "movie hunk", who turned down the role opposite Jennifer Gray that made Patrick Swayze a star?
Val Kilmer

Aldous Huxley's Bernard Marx appears different. What rumored solution given too generously during development is responsible for his shortcomings?
Alcohol

Who designed the memorial located on the National Mall at 17th Street, between Constitution and Independence Avenues?
Friedrich St. Florian

According to the 2010 U.S. census, in what city's metro area does more than 60% of the citizens of the Evergreen State live?
Seattle

Of what are the sticks made that are the preferred building material of the industrious, green, 6" high, ant-like creatures that usually wear hard hats and tool belts?
Radish Dust

What state holds a real life contest and celebration commemorating Mark Twain's short story about the out-of -towner and the compulsive gambler?
California

What rare feat links MLB players called Boone, Posada and Hammock?
Caught Perfect Games

Which poet likens youth to a budding flower in his "carpe diem" poem, urging its reader to gather them up?
Robert Herrick

Trivia - A Google a Day XLV

What is the title of Julian Schnabel's first plate painting?
The Patients and the Doctors

What is contained in a molecule of ozone?
Three Oxygen Atoms

The NASA Flight Director of the Apollo 13 mission is credited with the coordination of efforts that saved the crew. What did his wife make for him each time he acted as Flight Director that became his trademark?
White Vest

What body of water was connected to the Hudson River by the canal system that officially opened on October 1825?
Lake Erie

What is the Latin name for the intended occupants of Building D20 in Churchill, Manitoba?
Ursus Maritimus

Following the 2010-2011 season, what NBA team held on to its record for the most losses in a single season?
Philadelphia 76ers

You leave the Kodak Theater in Los Angeles and walk to a nearby park on Franklin to meet a friend. What is the name of the park?
Dorothy & Benjamin Smith Park

Who is the only NFL player married to a former million-dollar winner of "Survivor"?
Casey Wiegmann

What name does the alien researcher give himself after coming to planet Earth in Adams' 1979 absurdist novel?
Ford Prefect

Who met for months with director Ridley Scott about taking on the role of Deckard in "Blade Runner"?
Dustin Hoffman

Trivia - A Google a Day XLIV

What color was the can in which Coke marketed its first low-calorie soft drink?
Pink

What was the popular nickname of the jazz pianist who wrote "Ain't Misbehavin'"?
Fats

Where is the grave marker James Earle Fraser sculpted out of Stony Creek granite for the tenth Chief Justice of the United States?
Arlington National Cemetery

The peace treaties under Umar allowed conquered populations to retain their religion and their lands as "protected peoples". As such, what was the special tax they were required to pay?
Jizya

Who succeeded the coach of the 1990 World Series team?
Tony Perez

What NHL player was awarded eight years in a row the trophy named for the former owner of the Detroit Red Wings?
Bobby Orr

The region referred to in medieval times as "Bilad al Barbar" includes four nations. In alphabetical order, what are the first letters of each of these countries?
DEES

Which chapter in "NightWatch" by the editor of "SkyNews" talks about "the obscuring of light from one celestial body by the passage of another"?
Chapter Nine

What did the dormant planet produce before the universal economic collapse in Douglas Adams' first of six satirical novels about the universe?
Other Planets

What oceanic division is sometimes classified as one of the Mediterranean seas of the Atlantic Ocean?
Arctic Ocean

Trivia - A Google a Day XLIII

With a world population of more than 52 billion, what is the most common bird on the planet as of 2012?
Chickens

In March 2010 the first annual Binga Stadium Tender Bender competition took place in Maine. What kind of competition was it?
Eating

What is the given name of the guitarist of the band founded by Paul David Hewson?
David Howell Evans

At the time he was called up to play in the 2009-2010 NHL season, which player had the most career penalty minutes of any active player at the time?
Chris Chelios

How many "guls" are featured on the 1997 redesign of the flag of the nation that was formerly known as Turkmenia?
5

What is the first in an alphabetical list of the countries that share maritime borders with the United States?
Canada

Who did NBA Hall of Fame player "Hondo" say was "the best ball-handler of all time"?
Pete Maravich

On April 14, 1865, the play at Ford's Theater in Washington, D.C. was a benefit performance. According to the playbill, what actor was making her final appearance in the show that night?
Laura Keene

In what U.S. city did an impact event take place fifty thousand years ago, leaving a mark about one mile wide?
Flagstaff, Arizona

What was the 2010 U.S. Supreme Court case that considered a suspect's right to remain silent when that right is not specifically invoked?
Berghuis v. Thompkins

Trivia - A Google a Day XLII

As of 2012, who was the youngest player, at the age of 19, to be named NBA rookie of the year?
LeBron James

What company created the environment in which the game "Hunt The Wumpus" was played?
CompuServe

In what prefecture is the federal capital of Laos located?
Vientiane

What is the Tsimshian name for the "white bear" that lives only on the Pacific coast of North America?
Moksgm'ol

Which former MLB pitcher and CY Young winner was born exactly one year after the winner of the 2009 Nobel Prize for Peace?
Roger Clemens

What are the extensions of the delta wing of the Endeavor called?
Elevons

A friend of J. R. R. Tolkien's wrote a series of seven fantasy novels for children. By what nickname was this author known to his friends and family?
Jack

What playwright disowned his daughter and never saw her again when, at the age of 18, she married Charlie Chaplin, a man three times her age?
Eugene O'Neill

What is the name of the museum that is the site of the decommissioned aircraft carrier that is the fourth U.S. naval ship to be named for Washington's 1781 Revolutionary War victory over Gen. Cornwallis?
Patriots Point

On September 4, 2011, how many Buffalo Wings were consumed in 12 minutes by one individual to set a new world record?
183

Trivia - A Google a Day XLI

What did a 1998 study show to be more effective in treating depression than medication?
Exercise

When the First Lady died in 1914, what child of Woodrow Wilson assumed the responsibilities of White House hostess?
Margaret

In what state is the NCAA "Jayhawks" basketball program located?
Kansas

In "Yanks in WW1: Americans in the Trenches" by Sean Price, who wrote the patriotic song mentioned on page 8?
George M. Cohan

What historical novel tells the story of a Civil War soldier who walked for months in an effort to reunite with his love, Ada Monroe?
Cold Mountain

What was the birthplace of the wife of the abstract expressionist whose last two paintings were "Scent" and "Search"? (City)
Brooklyn

How many main islands comprise the only British territory that was occupied by Germany during WWII?
4

Though a meteorologist started it in the 1960s by tracking chaotic weather patterns and in the process gave us the Butterfly Effect in 1972, what trendy theory only made the talk show circuit via a 1987 best-selling book of the same name?
Chaos

What famous route originally terminated at Oregon's first capital city?
Oregon Trail

Who, by virtue of his discovery of the Red Shift, set forth the foundation for the theory that has the same name as a sitcom that stars Jim Parsons?
Edwin Hubble